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09:06:29 +0000 UTC'>September 29, 2025</span>&nbsp;·&nbsp;3 min&nbsp;·&nbsp;Iman Alipour
<span class=post-meta-item><a href=https://blog.alipour.eu/posts/minecraft_server/#isso-thread class=isso-comments-link>Comments</a></span></div></header><div class=post-content><h2 id=why>Why<a hidden class=anchor aria-hidden=true href=#why>#</a></h2><p>I’ve been running a Java Minecraft world (with Bedrock players via <strong>Geyser</strong>) in <code>tmux</code>. I moved it to Docker for easier updates, backups, and restarts. Along the way I hit:</p><ul><li><code>failed to register layer: ... no space left on device</code></li><li>Client saying: <strong>“Outdated client, please use 1.21.9 Pre-Release 2”</strong></li><li>Wanting config in a neat <code>.env</code> and <strong>no whitelist</strong></li></ul><p>Here’s exactly what I did.</p><hr><h2 id=folder-layout>Folder layout<a hidden class=anchor aria-hidden=true href=#folder-layout>#</a></h2><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash><span style=display:flex><span>~/minecraft/
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>├─ docker-compose.yml
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>├─ .env
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>└─ plugins/
</span></span></code></pre></div><hr><h2 id=env-secrets--knobs><code>.env</code> (secrets & knobs)<a hidden class=anchor aria-hidden=true href=#env-secrets--knobs>#</a></h2><p>Use the <strong>latest stable</strong> (not snapshots/pre-releases) by setting <code>VERSION=LATEST</code>.</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-env data-lang=env><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#75715e># Minecraft server configuration</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>EULA<span style=color:#f92672>=</span>TRUE
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>TYPE<span style=color:#f92672>=</span>PAPER
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>VERSION<span style=color:#f92672>=</span>LATEST
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>MEMORY<span style=color:#f92672>=</span>4G
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>USE_AIKAR_FLAGS<span style=color:#f92672>=</span>true
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#75715e># RCON (remote console)</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>ENABLE_RCON<span style=color:#f92672>=</span>true
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>RCON_PASSWORD<span style=color:#f92672>=</span>superSecretPassword123
</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>I don’t use a whitelist, so no <code>WHITELIST</code>/<code>ENFORCE_WHITELIST</code> variables.</p></blockquote><hr><h2 id=docker-composeyml><code>docker-compose.yml</code><a hidden class=anchor aria-hidden=true href=#docker-composeyml>#</a></h2><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-yaml data-lang=yaml><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#f92672>services</span>:
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#f92672>mc</span>:
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#f92672>image</span>: <span style=color:#ae81ff>itzg/minecraft-server:latest</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#f92672>container_name</span>: <span style=color:#ae81ff>mc</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#f92672>restart</span>: <span style=color:#ae81ff>unless-stopped</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#f92672>ports</span>:
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> - <span style=color:#e6db74>&#34;25565:25565&#34;</span> <span style=color:#75715e># Java</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> - <span style=color:#e6db74>&#34;19132:19132/udp&#34;</span> <span style=color:#75715e># Bedrock via Geyser plugin</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#f92672>env_file</span>:
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> - <span style=color:#ae81ff>.env</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#f92672>volumes</span>:
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> - <span style=color:#ae81ff>mc-data:/data</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> - <span style=color:#ae81ff>./plugins:/plugins:ro</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#f92672>volumes</span>:
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span> <span style=color:#f92672>mc-data</span>: {}
</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>The <code>version:</code> key in Compose is obsolete now, so I dropped it.</p></blockquote><hr><h2 id=add-geyser-and-optional-floodgate-as-plugins>Add Geyser (and optional Floodgate) as plugins<a hidden class=anchor aria-hidden=true href=#add-geyser-and-optional-floodgate-as-plugins>#</a></h2><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash><span style=display:flex><span>mkdir -p ~/minecraft/plugins
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>cd ~/minecraft/plugins
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#75715e># Geyser (Spigot/Paper)</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>wget https://download.geysermc.org/v2/projects/geyser/versions/latest/builds/latest/downloads/spigot -O Geyser-Spigot.jar
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#75715e># Floodgate (optional: Bedrock accounts without Java linking)</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>wget https://download.geysermc.org/v2/projects/floodgate/versions/latest/builds/latest/downloads/spigot -O Floodgate-Spigot.jar
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Start it up:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash><span style=display:flex><span>docker compose up -d
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>On first run, Geyser writes its config to <code>/data/plugins/Geyser-Spigot/</code>. Open UDP <strong>19132</strong> on your firewall.</p><hr><h2 id=hit-a-wall-var-ran-out-of-space>Hit a wall: <code>/var</code> ran out of space<a hidden class=anchor aria-hidden=true href=#hit-a-wall-var-ran-out-of-space>#</a></h2><p>Docker stores layers at <code>/var/lib/docker</code> by default. My <code>/var</code> LV was tiny:</p><div class=mermaid>/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-var 3.9G 3.4G 333M 92% /var</div><h3 id=quick-cleanup>Quick cleanup<a hidden class=anchor aria-hidden=true href=#quick-cleanup>#</a></h3><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash><span style=display:flex><span>docker system df
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>docker system prune -f
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>docker builder prune -af
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>sudo apt-get clean
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>sudo journalctl --vacuum-size<span style=color:#f92672>=</span>100M
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>If that’s not enough, you have two good options:</p><h3 id=option-a--move-dockers-data-off-var>Option A — Move Docker’s data off <code>/var</code><a hidden class=anchor aria-hidden=true href=#option-a--move-dockers-data-off-var>#</a></h3><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash><span style=display:flex><span>sudo systemctl stop docker
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>sudo mkdir -p /home/docker
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>sudo rsync -aHAX --info<span style=color:#f92672>=</span>progress2 /var/lib/docker/ /home/docker/
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>echo <span style=color:#e6db74>&#39;{ &#34;data-root&#34;: &#34;/home/docker&#34; }&#39;</span> | sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>sudo systemctl start docker
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>docker info | grep <span style=color:#e6db74>&#34;Docker Root Dir&#34;</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>If all looks good, free the old space:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash><span style=display:flex><span>sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker/*
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id=option-b--grow-var-lvm>Option B — Grow <code>/var</code> (LVM)<a hidden class=anchor aria-hidden=true href=#option-b--grow-var-lvm>#</a></h3><p>Check free space in the VG:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash><span style=display:flex><span>sudo vgdisplay <span style=color:#75715e># look for &#34;Free PE / Size&#34;</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>If available, extend <code>/var</code> by +5G:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash><span style=display:flex><span>sudo lvextend -L +5G /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-var
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-var
</span></span></code></pre></div><hr><h2 id=the-version-mismatch-pre-release-vs-stable>The version mismatch: pre-release vs stable<a hidden class=anchor aria-hidden=true href=#the-version-mismatch-pre-release-vs-stable>#</a></h2><p>My logs showed:</p><div class=mermaid>Starting minecraft server version 1.21.9 Pre-Release 2</div><p>That happens if the server pulls a pre-release build (or if <code>VERSION=LATEST</code>). Fix:</p><ol><li>Ensure <code>.env</code> has:<div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-env data-lang=env><span style=display:flex><span>VERSION<span style=color:#f92672>=</span>LATEST_RELEASE
</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li>Recreate:<div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash><span style=display:flex><span>docker compose down
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>docker compose pull
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>docker compose up -d
</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li>Verify:<div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash><span style=display:flex><span>docker logs mc | grep <span style=color:#e6db74>&#34;Starting minecraft server version&#34;</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#75715e># -&gt; Starting minecraft server version 1.21.1 (example)</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ol><blockquote><p>Tip: If you <strong>want to pin</strong> and avoid auto-updates entirely, set <code>VERSION=1.21.1</code> (or whatever stable you’ve validated).</p></blockquote><hr><h2 id=no-whitelist>No whitelist<a hidden class=anchor aria-hidden=true href=#no-whitelist>#</a></h2><p>Because I don’t set <code>WHITELIST</code>/<code>ENFORCE_WHITELIST</code>, anyone can join (subject to online-mode, bans, and Geyser/Floodgate auth settings). Manage ops/permissions via:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash><span style=display:flex><span>docker exec -it mc rcon-cli <span style=color:#e6db74>&#34;op YourJavaIGN&#34;</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>(or edit <code>/data/ops.json</code>).</p><hr><h2 id=backup--updates>Backup & updates<a hidden class=anchor aria-hidden=true href=#backup--updates>#</a></h2><ul><li>World/data live under the <code>mc-data</code> volume → back up <code>/data</code> regularly.</li><li>Update cleanly:<div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash><span style=display:flex><span>docker compose pull <span style=color:#f92672>&amp;&amp;</span> docker compose up -d
</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li>Watch space:<div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash><span style=display:flex><span>watch -n5 <span style=color:#e6db74>&#39;df -h /var; docker system df&#39;</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><hr><h2 id=tldr>TL;DR<a hidden class=anchor aria-hidden=true href=#tldr>#</a></h2><ul><li>Put <strong>Geyser/Floodgate</strong> jars in <code>./plugins</code> and expose <strong>19132/udp</strong>.</li><li>Keep configs in <code>.env</code>.</li><li>Fix <code>/var</code> space by pruning, <strong>moving Docker’s data-root</strong>, or <strong>extending <code>/var</code></strong> via LVM.</li><li>Verify version in logs after each change.</li></ul><p>Happy block-breaking! 🧱🚀</p><hr><div class=signature-block style=margin-top:1rem><p><strong>Downloads:</strong>
<a href=/sources/posts/minecraft_server.md>Markdown</a> ·
<a href=/sources/posts/minecraft_server.md.asc>Signature (.asc)</a></p><details class=signature><summary>View OpenPGP signature</summary><pre style=font-size:.85em;overflow-x:auto;padding:.75rem>-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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</pre></details><p><em>Verify locally:</em></p><pre style=font-size:.85em;overflow-x:auto;padding:.75rem>curl -fSLO https://blog.alipour.eu/sources/posts/minecraft_server.md
curl -fSLO https://blog.alipour.eu/sources/posts/minecraft_server.md.asc
gpg --verify minecraft_server.md.asc minecraft_server.md
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